Julius Caesar was born in Rome in July 100 BC into the influential Julian family. His early political career followed the traditional Roman path: quaestor (A quaestor was basically a money manager; they kept track of coins, supplies, and budgets), aedile (an aedile was a city helper; they took care of buildings, markets, festivals, and making sure things didn’t fall apart), and praetor (a praetor was a judge and leader; they made decisions in court and helped run the government). He later governed Roman Spain, getting military and administrative experience.
Was Julius Caesar ever an emperor?
In short, no!
In 60 BC, he formed a political alliance—often called the First Triumvirate—with Pompey and Crassus, which helped him secure the consulship. A consul was one of two leaders who ran the Roman Republic. Think of them as co‑principals of a very big, very busy school.

• They were in charge of the army
• They made important decisions
• They helped create and enforce laws
• They only served for one year, so no one got too much power

Rome always had two consuls at the same time so they could share responsibility and stop each other from making bad choices.
 The following year, he became governor of Gaul, where he spent eight years expanding Roman territory across what is now France and Belgium. Caesar also led two expeditions to Britain, marking Rome’s first military presence there.
What is a Roman governor?
A Roman governor was like the head teacher of a giant province instead of a school. They were responsible for:

• Running the province — making sure everything worked smoothly
• Collecting taxes — gathering money for Rome
• Keeping order — stopping fights, solving problems, and enforcing laws
• Leading soldiers — protecting the area and commanding the army

Caesar travelled so much that he could have earned serious points on a Roman loyalty travel card!

Prehistory is history before humans invented writing. So there are no written records of this period. Historians get their evidence of this from archaeology and anthropology.

The earliest evidence of writing comes from about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, man area including modern-day Iraq. However, we consider British prehistory to end with the arrival of the Romans.
Some people refer to any time before writing was invented as prehistoric which would include dinosaurs. However, many historians use the word prehistoric to refer to human history.

Non-avian dinosaurs died out in a mass extinction event around 66 million years ago. Although there is new evidence to suggest that our primate ancestors (part of the hominid family) may have briefly walked the earth the same time as dinosaurs.

Our Hominin ancestors, the Australopithecus started using tools around 3.3 million years ago.

The Homo genus only arrives around 2.8 million years ago.

Hopefully, we've not confused you too much!

Thanks to Historic Environment Scotland, you can now explore this amazing 3D reconstruction of House 7 in Skara Brae.
Skara Brae is a 5000 year old Neolithic village of stone built houses, set into mounds woven with narrow passageways. Houses contain beds, chairs, dressers and hearths, all made from stone. Artefacts litter this ancient site and among these finds are jewellery, pottery, tools and mystery objects!

There is not a great deal of evidence for the widespread domestication of animals in Mesoamerica. However, there is evidence of some animals being fed on Maize which points to their domestication...
Dogs
The Maya have an unusual relationship with dogs. The Xoloitzcuinti hairless dog was said to guide its owner through the underworld after death by holding onto its tail. This good deed doesn't seem to have stopped the living ancient Maya from eating these helpful canine souls!
That's not their only interaction with the ancient Maya. Dogs found buried near a temple in Seibal (nearly 100 km from their original highland home) suggest that they had a ceremonial role for some Maya.
Cats (well, jaguars and pumas)
The jaguar was a powerful symbol of Xibalba (the underworld). Yet its ritual importance didn't save it from being caught, along with puma to be paraded around or its body parts to be used in rituals.
Many animals of Mesoamerica (as with all civiliations) were managed by humans to be used for many purposes including as food, for display, as part of rituals or clothing and trade. These animals include, turkeys, deer, dogs, jaguar, bees and rabbits to name but a few.

To find our more about ancient Maya animals, have a look at our KS2 Maya workshop
Mayan

A more appropriate term for this would be a decline or collapse. This was a slow process over hundreds of years which affected different areas in many differing ways.

The Maya people haven't disappeared, it's their cities which declined. There are an estimated 8,000,000 people of Maya heritage living today (approximately the same amount of people who lived in the cities at their height).

There is now a great deal of evidence that between 850AD and 1000AD there were a series of droughts. Droughts are not unusual to the Maya but one of the contributing factors to their decline at this time may be overpopulation and possible over-farming of the land. Warring city states cannot be ruled out as another contributing factor.

The question is why did the dispersed Maya never fully return to their once thriving cities? Perhaps it's simply that, like many of us, we get used to our new ways of life and our old ways become more foreign to us as time moves on. Within a generation the old Maya city ways will have become a memory.

To book a KS2 Maya trip with a difference, follow the link...

To be clear, Maya is not a name the ancient people recognised for their culture/civilisation. They were distinct groups. As such, it is a name whose application has become a general but not complete concensus!

But let's keep this simple.

Maya is the singular and plural noun...
She is Maya, they are Maya.

Maya is also the adjective...
Maya culture, Maya temples, Maya calendar, Maya way of life, Maya farming.

Mayan is only used as an adjective when talking about grouping the thirty something languages into one...
The Mayan language.

However, when talking about the individual languages, it's back to Maya as the adjective...
The Yucatec Maya. (Although to complicate things, the Yucatec Maya simply refer to their language as Maya!)


Have a look at our KS2 Maya workshop...

Aurochs were extinct wild cattle living in Europe, from which cattle are probably descended. The aurochs survived in Poland until 1627. The aurochs were black, standing around 1.8 metres (6 feet) high at the shoulder, and had spreading, forward-curving horns.
However, it seems that Aurochs may be making a come back!

https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0h8r8hc/the-tauros-a-prehistoric-bovine-brought-back-to-life

Learn more about the auroch in our Stone Age to Iron Age workshop

We understand that the school trip can be the highlight of a child's academic year. The aim of our workshops is to offer the children an exciting and full on experience that they will remember forever!
The reason teachers love our workshops is that...

• The children get to try their hand at Maya crafts and make something that they can take home.
• We can hold the entire day in the classroom, yet take them places they've never been, using our Virtual Reality headsets.
• The children will be doing hands-on activities all day long.
• We can format the entire day around your school's schedule.
• Our knowledge of the subject is great to draw on.

Children will be able to explore Maya artefacts, including studying the Dresden Codex.
The next best thing to visiting Central America on a school trip is to visit it with our virtual reality headsets. See the ruins of Tikal and Chichen Itza, swim in a cenote.
Learn about ancient skills and try their hand at making a worry doll and weaving a basket to take home.
Learn the Maya number system and use this to play a game and explore the calendar.
Understand the ancient Maya writing system and learn how to write your name in hierglyphs, using authentic feather quills and ink.
The children can tap into the knowledge of our Maya specialists.

Book us for your next Maya experience, you will not be disappointed!

Mancala is a great fun game to play, still played in Egypt today.
Below we have a PDF Mancala Board and accompanying instructions. You could get the children to design their own boards.
We've always had great fun with the children at our Egyptian history workshops when we've played such games.

Check out our ancient Egypt workshop here.